We traveled about 15 miles north of Cody, Wy to a place called Heart Mountain Relocation Camp, where in 1942, thousands of Japanese, following the attack on Pearl Harbor, were held. At that time, there was a serious concern that Japan was preparing for an all out attack on the West coast. Fear arose that the many ethnic Japanese living on the West coast would sympathize with Japan due simply to their ethnicity. Some credence was lent to this feeling by the Nihau Incident, which immediately followed the attack on Pearl Harbor. The incident involved a civilian Japanese national and two Hawaiian-born Japanese on the island of Nihau violently freeing a downed, captured Japanese naval aviator. President Roosevelt, pursuant to the Alien Enemies Act, issued Presidential Proclamations 2525, 2526, 2527 designating Japanese, German and Italian nationals as enemy aliens. Information was used to locate and incarcerate those designated foreign nationals for the duration of the war. While the Alien Enemies Act and the subsequent Presidential Proclamations were completely Constitutional, what happened next is a dark and disgraceful page in our national history, one not many of us learned about in school. On February 19, 1942 FDR issued Executive Order 9066, which authorized military commanders to designate "military areas" at their discretion, "from which any or all persons may be excluded", whether citizen or non-citizen. The West coast commander, Lt Gen DeWitt, issued Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34, ordering ALL people of Japanese ancestry, whether citizens or not, living in designated zones to report to assembly areas for movement to "relocation centers." Military edicts, like this one, included persons of at least one-sixteenth Japanese ancestry. Of all those relocated to "camps" such as the one at Heart Mountain, Wy, 62 percent were US citizens. The next two pictures are of some of the original buildings of the Heart Mountain Relocation Camp. The museum had a nice interpretive building showcasing what life was like for those caught up in the relocation movement.
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